elevated blood pressure, heart rate, cortisol secretions.
These heightened physiological responses over time can have downstream effects on health.
There is substantial evidence for the harmful health effects of discrimination, including:
- Depression
- Psychological distress
- Anxiety
- Well-being
- Hypertension
- Self-reported poor health
- Breast cancer
- Risk factors for disease such as obesity, high blood pressure and substance abuse
Although most stressful experiences do not increase vulnerability to illness, certain kinds of stressors—those that are uncontrollable and unpredictable— are particularly harmful to health, and these characteristics are common to discrimination experiences.
Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review.
EA Pascoe, L Smart Richman
Psychological Bulletin, 2009
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